Link: [CoffeeScript](https://coffeescript.org/#introduction) Unlike the above two competitions, typescript is untyped. However, it brought [[Python]] / [[Ruby]] syntax into [[JavaScript]]. **Python** - Indentation-sensitive syntax. **Ruby** - `@field` instead of `this.field` **Other quality of life improvements** * Lightweight syntax to define functions (`->`, `=>`) * `=>` to bind `this`. * `class` (before ES2015). Many large companies (ex: Dropbox) endorsed CoffeeScript. However, post ES2015 and the rise of the polyfills it is less attractive.